Four Research Methodologies - 1048 Words

MGMT606-1301A-05 Professor: Robert Smith Graduate Research Methods Phase 3 Discussion Board Research Methodologies 01/29/2013 Being in this business as a researcher, you must stay focus at all times, and at this time we must concentrate on the design strategies for each of the research methodologies. It must include everything that can help to produce a positive research, elements of inquiry, research approaches, and overall design of the research being conducted. We have to determine all the different types of research methodologies that are used in doing research. We must realize the importance of integrating the different method types so that we can continue to construct precise, decisive, and fitting data. As we get into the†¦show more content†¦Observation methods can be seen as being structured or unstructured, disguised or undisguised and also natural or contrived. The major methods that are connected with observation contain personal or robotic observation. Dealing with matter, audit, and trace analysis, just like surveys, there are both advantages and disadvantages to retaining observa tional methodology. Researchers also collect Quantitative data thru the use of experimental design, actually, Casual Design surrounding investigation are suitable for supposing cause-and-effect relationship. Experimentations have restrictions in relations of time, cost, and administration, but they are rapidly becoming progressively popular in marketing. Casual is most suitable to consider when developing research projects for the organization and allowing experiments. On the other hand determining a research design concurrently decides the types of data that can be attained. In doing casual design, there are two types of data operated in resolving the research problem, primary data and secondary data. Primary data is collected specifically to deal with the problem at hand and can either be qualitative and quantitative in character. Secondary data in additionally are data that were collected for other functions, the researcher should thenShow MoreRelatedChapter Four : Research M ethodology Essay1830 Words   |  8 Pages CHAPTER FOUR: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In Chapter 4 will be described the methodology which was used. In this chapter, we will explain the reasons for choosing this methodology and give more details about this study. We will explain and present the methods that help us in this project. An overview of the method that was used to collect the data will be given. Afterwards, the statistical concepts will be explained thoroughly. 4.1 Data Collection This was aRead MoreDifferent Types Of Research Methodologies975 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Methodologies With the various types of research methodologies, one can classify them as medical, social, computer, or life science research. However, in computers and bioinformatics research methodology, the methods used are computational, computer simulation, iCloud, omics, and theoretical. Before starting any research, a literature review is required, for example, magazines, books, scholarly/peer reviewed journals, company sales, customer, and employee records. If in the medical fieldRead MoreThe Research Pyramid For Positioning The Current Literature And Identifying New Ais Research Essay827 Words   |  4 Pagespaper extends the Meaning Triangle (Sowa, 1997) and creates a broad research framework called the Research Pyramid for positioning the current literature and identifying new AIS research questions or ideas. The framework is comprised of four constructs: objects, concepts, symbols, and AIS (component(s)) that are connected along the pyramid’s edges, referred to as primitive ma pping. Descriptions of four common research methodologies in this field are presented (design science, field studies, surveysRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Social Science1076 Words   |  5 Pagesexpresses his intention to explore the philosophy of social science of which he categorises into four modes. He attempted to seek for the acceptable compromises between all and each mode to define a better way of understanding the social world. Hollis clearly states that the key task of this book is to reflect on the underlying philosophy of social science through the critical examination of the theory and methodology in each approach. Some of the key questions are; whether the study of social science canRead MoreEvaluation Methodology For Research Methodology1054 Words   |  5 Pageson the methodology that is use during the research in order to make sure that research can be delivered on time. For this research, the suitable approach for the research methodology would be Research Methodolo gy. This methodology is chosen because it provides the standards for research methods. With this methodology, the research will be done consecutively according to the specifics steps that is planned for every phases. 3.2 Methodology The methodology for the research is consists of four phasesRead MoreDigital Forensic Investigation Methodology For Social Media791 Words   |  4 Pages5.1.7 Digital forensic investigation methodology for social media Jag and Kwak (2015), provides a digital forensic methodology which can be adopted when conducting an investigation of social media sites. The proposed method considered different digital devices. According to the Jang and Kwak (2015) the proposed model is efficient in terms of process, digital device classifications, and the evidence collection from the social media and evidence analysis. By using this method into the social mediaRead MorePositivist And Indigenous Research Paradigm Essay851 Words   |  4 PagesPositivist and Indigenous Research Paradigm In this research entry, I will compare the positivist and Indigenous research paradigms. Similar Procedures for data collection: A basic similarity lies between the two methods. Both the positivist and indigenous research methods use the same procedures to gather the data and handle in the same way as collected. In fact, both the research methods work alongside the three aspects of research paradigm even while they have different perspective to use andRead MoreThe Scientific And Disciplined Inquiry Approach757 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Research Methodologies According to Merriam -Webster (2015), research is the â€Å"investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws†. As stated by Ndunda (2004), â€Å"research helps to provide facts, reliable information or verifiable information instead of assumptions.† Research should be conducted in a structured, systematicRead MoreFunctions Of Management Within Scholarly Literature1645 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This literature review will provide a comprehensive overview and examination of the Four Functions of Management within scholarly literature. The paper will be divided into four section - reflecting the Four Functions - planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning is defined as the ability, creation, and use of plans to analyze the future and plan for organizational action (McLean, 2011). Organizing is defined as the ability to understand, view, and orchestrate activitiesRead MoreThe Psychological Impact Of Bullying1366 Words   |  6 Pagesneed to find out the cause or causes of the problem before constructing your plan and this is where research comes in. Research conducted to solve issues or problems in schools or educational systems are termed Action Research. After sitting and discussing issues and problems in our education system we decided to tackle the issue of the psychological impact of bullying. The purpose of our action research was to attempt to improve st udents’ academic performance by trying to lessen or eliminate the occurrences

Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc. Free Essays

A Minnesota Student Loan Program www. selfloan. org Table of Contents About the Program Eligibility How to Apply Loan Size Loan Example Costs to the Borrower Loan Repayment Loan Servicer 1 1 3 4 5 5 6 9 This document can be made available in an alternative format to individuals with disabilities by calling (651) 642-0567. We will write a custom essay sample on Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc. or any similar topic only for you Order Now March 2008 About the Program The Student Educational Loan Fund, or SELF Loan, can help you pay for your education beyond high school. The program is administered by the Minnesota Office of Higher Education and can be used only for educational purposes. It is a loan, not a scholarship, so it must be repaid. Eligibility An eligible student must: †¢ be enrolled in an eligible school in Minnesota or be a Minnesota resident enrolled in an eligible school in another state or U. S. territory; a list of eligible institutions is available at www. selfloan. rg; †¢ be enrolled at least half time in a program leading to a certificate, associate, baccalaureate, graduate or education degree; †¢ be making satisfactory academic progress as defined by the school; †¢ not be in default of any student educational loan at the current or previous school; †¢ not be currently delinquent in payment of interest or principal on an outstanding loan from the SELF Program, or on any other federal, state, private or institutional student loan program; and †¢ have a credit-worthy co-signer. SELF Loan 1 Co-signer: You must have a credit-worthy co-signer who is either a U. S. itizen or a permanent resident, and who resides in the United States. The co-signer is responsible for making loan payments (interest, principal and other charges) if you fail to make payments. The co-signer is relieved of this responsibility only in the event of death or total and permanent disability of the borrower. A credit-worthy co-signer is one who has no account balances discharged through bankruptcy; no garnishments, attachments, foreclosure, repossession or suit; no more than $300 combined total in unsatisfied credit or unsatisfied payment obligations; or no more than five percent of credit bureau balances past due. The co-signer must be at least 24 years old or 18 years old if a sibling (i. e. , a brother or sister). 2 SELF Loan How to Apply Following are the steps to apply for a SELF Loan: †¢ Meet with a financial aid administrator at your college to discuss your eligibility for a SELF Loan. The financial aid office will use one of four application procedures (online SELF application, the TeleSELF electronic application, paper application or the combination paper/electronic application). The financial aid office can direct you to the appropriate application. The Office of Higher Education determines your eligibility and reviews the credit worthiness of your co-signer. If either the borrower or the co-signer are ineligible, they will be notified. †¢ The approved loan is scheduled for disbursement. On the date of disbursement, you and your co-signer are sent copies of the loan disclosure, which describes the specific terms of the loan and the scheduled disbursement date(s). †¢ Eit her a check is mailed to the school, or funds are electronically transmitted to the school, whichever the school prefers. Funds are disbursed by academic term. You should allow four weeks for the processing of the application and the disbursement of the funds. SELF Loan 3 Loan Size The financial aid administrator at the eligible school will determine the amount you can borrow. The loan amount cannot exceed the total cost of attendance, as defined by the institution, minus other financial aid that the student will receive. The minimum amount is $500. Maximum Loan Amounts The maximum loan is $7,500 for undergraduate levels and $9,000 for graduate levels provided that: †¢ The loan amount shall not exceed the cost of attendance less all other financial aid. You may borrow more than once during an academic year as long as you have not exceeded the grade-level borrowing limits, your request is for at least $500 and adequate time remains to process the application. Cumulative Borrowing Limits The cumulative SELF Loan debt shall not exceed the following grade level limits: $ 7,500 Grade Level 1 $15,000 Grade Level 2 $22,500 Grade Level 3 $30,0 00 Grade Level 4 $37,500 Grade Level 5 $55,500 Grade Levels 6 to 9 (includes all undergraduate and graduate debt) Grade level is determined by the school based on the number of credits earned. SELF Loan Loan Example Here is an example of how a SELF Loan can help you offset the total cost of attendance. Cost of attendance Less available financial aid Federal grants State grants Institutional assistance Private assistance Total Aid Total student obligation Maximum SELF Loan amount (based on grade level) $1,500 0 500 500 – $2,500 $7,500 $7,500 $10,000 Costs to the Borrower You must pay interest and principal on the loan. There are no guarantee, origination or processing fees charged. Interest Rate: The interest charged to you may change every quarter. The current SELF interest rate is available at www. selfloan. org. Borrowers pay an interest rate comprised of a percentage (the â€Å"margin†) that is added to the variable interest rate of the source of money (the â€Å"index†). As the index or margin increases or decreases over time, the interest charged will increase or decrease. The index rate is tied to the three-month London Interbank Offered Rates (LIBOR). SELF Loan 5 Loan Repayment Payment of Interest: You must pay interest quarterly while in school. This is called the â€Å"in-school period† Interest payments will start . approximately 90 days from the disbursement of the loan. During the first 12 months after graduation or if enrollment drops below half time, the borrower will be converted to a monthly interest repayment schedule. This 12-month period is called the â€Å"transition period† . Repayment of Principal and Interest: The period in which monthly principal and interest are paid is called the â€Å"repayment period† Near the end of . he 12-month transition period, you can choose between two repayment plans as long as a required repayment period has not started: †¢ The Standard Plan requires the monthly payment of principal and interest starting on the 13th month after graduation or when enrollment drops below half time. †¢ The Extended Interest Plan provides two additional years of monthly interest-only payments. Monthly payment of principal and interest with this plan begins on the 37th month after graduation or termination of study. While the Extended Interest Plan extends the transition period, it shortens the repayment period by the same two years. For SELF Loans from phases starting with SELF IV, if the aggregate principal balances of all SELF Loans is less than $18,750, the maximum repayment period will be 10 years from the end of the â€Å"in-school† status. For SELF Loans from phases starting with SELF IV, if the aggregate principal balances of all SELF Loans is $18,750 or greater, the maximum repayment period will be 15 years from the end of the â€Å"in-school† status. All SELF IV Loans will enter repayment no later than seven years after the first disbursement date on the loan. 6 SELF Loan Additional Loan Repayment Information: †¢ There are no deferment categories in the SELF Program. †¢ SELF Loans cannot be included in federal consolidation programs. Eligibility for repayment of SELF Loans under any student loan repayment program, such as a military program or AmeriCorps, is based on the criteria established by those programs for repayment of non-federal student loans. †¢ A borrower may move back and forth between the in-school and transition periods, but once a transition period has been exhausted and the repayment period entered, the borrower may NOT leave the repayment period. The total amount borrowed will determine the borrower’s monthly payment; however, the minimum monthly payment of principal and interest is $50. †¢ There is no penalty for prepaying SELF Loans. Transferring Schools: If you transfer to another school or pursue a higher degree at another institution, you must: †¢ enroll before the 12- to 36-month transition period elapses, †¢ enroll in a school that is a member of the SELF Program, and †¢ have time remaining before the seven-year mandatory repayment starts. If the school is not a member of the SELF Program, you will no longer be considered to be in the â€Å"in-school† status. SELF Loan 7 SELF Loan Repayment Examples Amount Borrowed Annual percentage rate during principal repayment period Interest rate applied to principal balance Quarterly interest payments while enrolled Monthly interest payments during transition period Monthly payments of principal and interest $7,500 $7,500 7. 00% 8. 00% 7. 00% 8. 00% $131. 25 $150. 00 $43. 75 $50. 00 108 payments of $93. 80 108 payments of $97. 64 The interest rate varies throughout the life of the loan and may increase or decrease. The example illustrates the repayment schedule for a $7,500 SELF Loan at two different interest rates and assumes that the stated rates do not change. It also assumes that payments of principal and interest will be made over a nine-year term, following interest-only payments during a four-year in-school period and for one year after school. 8 SELF Loan Loan Servicer A Servicer schedules and disburses your loan, sends bills, and keeps track of your loan payments and your current loan status. The Servicer for the SELF Program is Firstmark Services. Contact Firstmark Services for questions about your bill, payments or to make address or enrollment changes: Firstmark Services P. O. Box 25410 Woodbury, MN 55125-0410 Tel: (651) 265-7666 (888) 295-0713 toll free Visit www. firstmarkservices. com to check the status of pending applications and disbursements along with your payment and balance information. Minnesota Office of Higher Education SELF Loan is a program of the Minnesota Office of Higher Education, a state agency providing students with a range of financial aid programs and information to help them gain access to postsecondary education. The agency manages the Minnesota State Grant program, which is a needbased grant program for eligible students who submit the Free Application for Student Aid (FAFSA). The agency also oversees tuition reciprocity programs, Minnesota’s 529 college savings program, institutional licensing, a college awareness program for youth and serves as the state’s clearinghouse for data on postsecondary enrollment, financial aid, finance and trends. SELF Loan 9 Minnesota Office of Higher Education 1450 Energy Park Drive, Suite 350 Saint Paul, MN 55108-5227 Tel: 651. 642. 0567 or 800. 657. 3866 TTY Relay: 800. 627. 3529 Fax: 651. 642. 0570 E-mail: selfloans@ohe. state. mn. us www. selfloan. org www. ohe. state. mn. us  ©2008 Minnesota Office of Higher Education Printed on recycled paper. How to cite Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc., Essays

Sharing Economy Sharing and Collaborative Consumption

Question: Describe about the Sharing Economy for Sharing and Collaborative Consumption? Answer: Economics is a subject involving the study of how goods and services are produced using resources that are limited or scarce. The goods and services produced should be used and distributed in the most optimum and efficient way. This approach creates additional value in the economy. The idea of sharing goods and services which are idle and not being used, in return for money or to serve a social cause is what is called sharing economy (Belk, 2014). Business is all about making money by satisfying needs of people. If an individual has something which is not being used all the time, then that article can be given on rent. Another person can make use of that product in exchange of some money. This is also called sharing economy. This concept has been becoming more popular in recent times because now technology is available which brings people together for sharing resources. The internet has helped to increase people to people contact. Now millions of people have smart phones. Websites and applications are available on computer and mobile phones through which the buyer and the seller can come into contact with one another on a convenient platform. There are people who are engaged in the work of bringing these buyers and sellers together. These people also make some money when a business deal is struck and implemented. There are people who have empty rooms in their houses, which they are not using. These people are approached by other individuals and companies who have access to people who want to take rooms on rent for limited periods. These individuals or companies connect the two parties and rooms are taken on rent by the needy people. The company which connects the two parties also makes some commission or profit. This whole system is developed through people to people contact (Phelps, 2010). Large businesses have come into existence through small beginnings. This is all part of the shared economy. People take the initiative and get connected with other people to create business. In this case the relationships are more informal. The communication between different parties may also be more informal in nature (Prill et al, 2010) People also share other articles like cars and washing machines on rent. One such example of business model developed on the concept of shared economy is that of Airbnb. Airbnb brings together people who want to give part or whole of their houses for rent to common people. It is a company which has grown tremendously by eating into the business of lower priced rooms offered by hotels. Many hotels had to lower their prices to protect their market shares. This has helped the consumers as prices in the entire market have come down. This way, sharing economy has ultimately helped the consumers. The idea has struck the right chord among the consumers who want to save money and at the same time get good services. But it is not just the exchange of goods that creates value in the economy. Exchange of information which supports and encourages business can also take place. Such information exchange between the two parties relates to how the business is doing, what are the problems the two businesses are facing in general. This exchange of information is good for both business entities (Ley, et al, 2014). There can also be sharing of assets like office building for money or for a social objective of helping someone who is trying to run a start up business. The organization which provides the space to a budding entrepreneur might benefit in other ways. In the same way, car pooling concept has also become popular. The governments and people in different countries have become more aware of the need to protect environment from pollution created by carbon emissions from cars. The vehicles have to adhere to certain norms regarding emissions. Therefore, it makes economic sense to share the same car for transport. There are companies like Uber which has come with the novel idea of sharing their customers with other companies, for a monetary consideration (Uber, 2016). It encourages people from different backgrounds to use their services in a group. The customers can get to the same destination in the same car. Such a transaction saves fuel expenses and people can share the car for lesser amount of rental expenses. The cost of running the vehicle gets divided among several customers. This is good for the society as a whole as fuel expenses come down and there is less pollution. The governments in several countries also support the practice of car pooling. Thus, the use of modern technology by the companies like Uber has changed the way how business is done. The companies have got more sophisticated in the ways they do their business. They have used technology to bring the costs down. Uber can think of more novel services for its corporate clients. It should offer services which are more innovative and save costs with added convenience. This way, there is less overlapping of services and lesser carbon dioxide emissions. This is a very good business strategy by Uber. Technology has made it possible for individuals at distant places to share information almost instantly. Now people in different parts of the world can work on the same project and compare their research. They can share their ideas and suggestions through the electronic devices. Such individuals form virtual groups. The relationships among such individuals may not be so formal. They can be friendly with one another and share their thoughts freely, without any inhibitions. In this case an informal organization comes into effect (Godfrey, 2011).This results in the creation of goods and services and knowledge is shared and enhanced (Wang and Noe, 2010). Also, there are people who want to contribute to the welfare of the community. There are some software professionals who develop software which can be used by the local government to provide some service to the community. Such software professionals may not charge anything for their services. This is also a very good example of sharing economy. People want to offer their services free of cost as they want to do some social service. The emphasis is more on developing relationships rather than making pure economic gains. People in this case want to be part of a group. This gives them immense satisfaction. They develop relationships with other people, in this way. There are some business organizations which share their physical and human resources with other companies. They might be jointly working on a project. Sometimes defence organizations in different countries come together to develop a weapon system. In this case we might have engineers from different countries sharing their knowledge with one another. This exchange of information also comes under the concept of sharing economy. An organization may share blue prints of some systems it has developed with a friendly country working on the same project (Bachmann and Inkpen, 2011). The people to people relations also form the basis of such joint projects. The friendly relations between the countries lead to joint research and production of goods. There is lot of trust between organizations and people in such cases. There are people who like to share their possessions, not just for earning money but also because it gives them pleasure. They feel more connected with the society when they share their belongings with others. Interpersonal relationships can be deeply satisfying. Businesses are built also on the basis of personal relationships. A network of people is built, leading to business transactions between them (Gronroos, 2011). People have succeeded in turning business ideas into successful business organizations. A small group of people starts a business and then scales it to become a huge organization. Innovative practices are brought into play and market shares are won and sustained. The business world is made dynamic through the efforts of such entrepreneurs who are bold, courageous and hard working. It is a case of people joining hands to create a business. They know how to make use of the latest technology to win customers. This is what has brought the concept of sharing economy which is here to stay. Thus, this concept of sharing economy, facilitated by information and communication technology, has helped ease societal problems like hyper-consumption, pollution, and poverty by providing easy access to goods and services through economic coordination (Hamari, Sjklint and Ukkonen, 2015). Motivated by sustainability, enjoyment and economic gains, people are increasingly adopting this concept and new start-ups based on this business model are continuously emerging. There are investors having faith in such business ideas who are willing to contribute millions as capital for such start up businesses. Such investors feel that they would get good returns on the money invested by them in the novel business ideas which are also good for the society as a whole. In other case, there might be better utilization of goods leading to income which otherwise would not have accrued to the people with spare goods. New job opportunities are being created as more businesses are being formed. People no w are earning additional money. The prices of the goods and services have gone down with increased competition from these new players. Ultimately, it is also the consumers who have more choices and benefit due to reduced prices. The success of these enterprising business people has inspired many others to create new businesses. References Belk, R. (2014). You are what you can access: sharing and collaborative consumption online, Journal of Business Research, 67(8), 1595-1600. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296313003366 Phelps, C. (2010). A longitudinal study of the influence of alliance network structure and composition on firm exploratory innovation, Academy Of Management Journal, 53(4), 890-913. Retrieved from https://amj.aom.org/content/53/4/890.short Wang, S. and Noe, R. (2010). Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for future research, Human Resource Management Review, 20(2), 115-131. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053482209000904 Bachmann, R. and Inkpen, A. (2011). Organization studies: understanding institutional based trust building processes in inter- organizational relationships, Sage Journals, 32(2), 281-301. Retrieved from: https://oss.sagepub.com/content/32/2/281.short Godfrey, P. (2011). Toward a theory of the informal economy, The Academy Of Management Annals, 5(1), 231-277. Retrieved from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19416520.2011.585818 Prill, C., Reed, M., Racin,L. and Huback, K. (2010). Competing structure, competing views: the role of formal and informal social structures in shaping stakeholder perceptions, Ecology and Society, 15(4), 34. Retrieved from : https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss4/art34/main.html Ley, T. , Cook, J. , Dennerlein, S. , Kravick, M. , Kunzmann, C. , Pata, K. , Purma, J. , Sanders, J. , Santos, P. , Schmidt, A. , Smadi, M. and Trattner, C. (2014). Scaling informal learning at the workplace: a model and four designs from a large scale design based research effort, British Journal of Educational Technology, 45(6), 1036-1048. Retrieved from:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjet.12197/abstract Uber (2016). Overview. Retrieved from:https://www.Uber.com/business Gronroos, C. (2011). A service perspective on business relationships: the value creation interaction and marketing interface,Industrial Marketing Management, 40(20), 240-247. Retrieved fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019850110001197 Hamari, J., Sjklint, M. and Ukkonen, A. (2015). The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption, Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 1-13. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255698095_The_Sharing_Economy_Why_People_Participate_in_Collaborative_Consumption